{"id":799,"date":"2018-06-12T10:10:20","date_gmt":"2018-06-12T08:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/?page_id=799"},"modified":"2019-09-26T19:49:48","modified_gmt":"2019-09-26T17:49:48","slug":"rappels-et-definitions-de-biologie-vegetale","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/index.php\/terminales\/specialite-2\/chapitre-5-adaptations-des-plantes-a-la-vie-fixee\/rappels-et-definitions-de-biologie-vegetale\/","title":{"rendered":"Rappels et d\u00e9finitions de biologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Angiospermes : <\/strong><\/span>Plantes \u00e0 fleurs<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Anatomie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale :<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span id=\"feuille\" style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #35bd64;\"><strong>Feuille : <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Limbe <\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Partie plate d&rsquo;une feuille<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Stomate<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Structure permettant les \u00e9changes gazeux.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Ostiole<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Ouverture du stomate<\/span><br \/>\n<a id=\"structure-feuille\"><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><strong>Structure de la feuille en coupe transversale<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1318\" src=\"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Coupes-de-feuille.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"719\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Coupes-de-feuille.jpg 719w, http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Coupes-de-feuille-300x125.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1333\" src=\"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sch\u00e9ma-coupe-de-feuilles.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"965\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sch\u00e9ma-coupe-de-feuilles.jpg 965w, http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sch\u00e9ma-coupe-de-feuilles-300x156.jpg 300w, http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sch\u00e9ma-coupe-de-feuilles-768x400.jpg 768w, http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Sch\u00e9ma-coupe-de-feuilles-900x469.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 965px) 100vw, 965px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span id=\"racine\" style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #35bd64;\"><strong>Racine : <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>M\u00e9rist\u00e8me<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Zone de division cellulaire permettant donc de cr\u00e9er de nouvelles cellules.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Poils absorbants<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Structures racinaires permettant l&rsquo;absorption de substance nutritives dans le sol gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur membrane tr\u00e8s fine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span id=\"vaisseaux conducteurs\" style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #35bd64;\"><strong>Vaisseaux conducteurs<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Xyl\u00e8me<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Vaisseaux conduisant la s\u00e8ve brute des racines jusqu&rsquo;aux feuilles. Le xyl\u00e8me est form\u00e9 de cellules mortes qui fixent le colorant vert d&rsquo;iode.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Phlo\u00e8me<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Vaisseaux conduisant la s\u00e8ve \u00e9labor\u00e9e des feuilles jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 toutes les cellules de la plante. Le Phlo\u00e8me est form\u00e9 de cellules vivantes qui fixent le colorant carmin alun\u00e9.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Faisceaux cribro-vasculaires<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Ensemble form\u00e9 par le Xyl\u00e8me et le Phlo\u00e8me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span id=\"fleur\" style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #35bd64;\"><strong>Fleur : <\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Verticille<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Cercle (imaginaire) sur lequel est dispos\u00e9 un type de pi\u00e8ce florale.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Corolle<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Ensemble des pi\u00e8ces st\u00e9riles d&rsquo;une fleur (p\u00e9tales + s\u00e9pales )<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>T\u00e9pales<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> S\u00e9pales ressemblants aux p\u00e9tales.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Pistil<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Pi\u00e8ce florale fertile femelle qui forme les ovules.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Carpelle<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Sous unit\u00e9 du pistil. Les carpelles s&rsquo;assemblent pour former le pistil.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Etamine<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Pi\u00e8ce fertile m\u00e2le qui forme le pollen.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Calice<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Ensemble des pi\u00e8ces fertiles d&rsquo;une fleur (Pistil + \u00e9tamines)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Zygomorphe<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Fleur ayant une organisation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re, elles sont sym\u00e9trique par rapport \u00e0 un plan.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Automorphe<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Fleur ayant une organisation r\u00e9guli\u00e8re bas\u00e9e sur une sym\u00e9trie axiale<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Modes de dispersion :<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span id=\"dispollen\" style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #35bd64;\"><strong>Dispersion du pollen<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Entomogamie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du pollen par les insectes<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Zoogamie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du pollen par les animaux<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Autogamie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du pollen par la plante elle m\u00eame<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Hydrogamie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du pollen par l&rsquo;eau<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>An\u00e9mogamie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du pollen par le vent<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span id=\"disfruit\" style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #35bd64;\"><strong>Dispersion des fruits<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Entomochorie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du fruit par les insectes<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Barochorie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du fruit par la gravit\u00e9<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Hydrochorie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du fruit par l&rsquo;eau<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>An\u00e9mochorie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du fruit par le vent<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Zoochorie<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Dispersion du fruit par les animaux<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span id=\"domestication\" style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>S\u00e9lection v\u00e9g\u00e9tale :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u2022 <strong>Domestication<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">:<\/span> Ensemble des processus de s\u00e9lection etde transformation des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux qui ont permis l&rsquo;apparition des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s actuelles de plantes, dont les caract\u00e8res sont avantageux pour l&rsquo;Homme.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Angiospermes : Plantes \u00e0 fleurs Anatomie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale : Feuille : \u2022 Limbe : Partie plate d&rsquo;une feuille \u2022 Stomate : Structure permettant les \u00e9changes gazeux. \u2022 Ostiole : Ouverture du stomate Structure de la feuille en coupe transversale Racine : \u2022 M\u00e9rist\u00e8me : Zone de division cellulaire permettant donc de cr\u00e9er de nouvelles cellules. \u2022 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":658,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page-template.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-799","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - 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