{"id":1501,"date":"2020-03-24T22:01:43","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T21:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/?page_id=1501"},"modified":"2021-07-28T12:08:07","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T10:08:07","slug":"rappels-et-definitions-en-immunologie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/index.php\/premieres\/specialite\/chapitre-1-immunite-innee-et-reaction-inflammatoire\/rappels-et-definitions-en-immunologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Rappels et d\u00e9finitions en Immunologie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; text-decoration: underline;\">INTRODUCTION A l&rsquo;IMMUNOLOGIE : <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Le corps humain peut \u00eatre infect\u00e9 par des <strong><u>organismes <span style=\"color: #333399;\"><a style=\"color: #333399;\" href=\"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/index.php\/terminales\/enseignement-obligatoire\/theme-3-corps-humain-et-sante\/theme-3-a-maintien-de-lintegrite-de-lorganisme-la-reponse-immunitaire\/rappels-et-definitions-en-immunologie\/#Pathog\u00e8ne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pathog\u00e8nes<\/a><\/span><\/u><\/strong> (= qui cr\u00e9ent des maladies) : les bact\u00e9ries, les virus ou les champignons.<br \/>\nLe corps humain peut aussi subir des agressions de ses propres cellules qui dysfonctionnent (dans le cas d\u2019un<span style=\"color: #333399;\"> <a style=\"color: #333399;\" href=\"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/index.php\/terminales\/enseignement-obligatoire\/theme-3-corps-humain-et-sante\/theme-3-a-maintien-de-lintegrite-de-lorganisme-la-reponse-immunitaire\/rappels-et-definitions-en-immunologie\/#cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/a> <\/span>par exemple).<\/p>\n<p><strong><u><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><a name=\"Systemeimmunitaire\"><\/a>Le syst\u00e8me immunitaire<\/span> <\/u><\/strong>est un ensemble d\u2019organes et de cellules qui prot\u00e8gent l\u2019organisme contre les agressions des pathog\u00e8nes et contre les dysfonctionnements des cellules<\/p>\n<p>Il existe deux types d\u2019immunit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; <u>L\u2019immunit\u00e9 inn\u00e9e <\/u><\/strong>: Pr\u00e9sente d\u00e8s la naissance, elle ne n\u00e9cessite pas d\u2019apprentissage. Elle est pr\u00e9sente chez tous les \u00eatres vivants (m\u00eame les unicellulaires).<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; <u>L\u2019immunit\u00e9 adaptative <\/u><\/strong>: Elle n\u2019existe que chez les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s. Elle s\u2019acquiert au fil du temps par apprentissage. Cet apprentissage d\u00e9pend des pathog\u00e8nes rencontr\u00e9s. Par exemple un b\u00e9b\u00e9 \u00e0 la naissance ne sait pas se d\u00e9fendre contre le virus de la varicelle, mais lorsqu\u2019il rencontre ce virus (et tombe malade) il apprend \u00e0 s\u2019en prot\u00e9ger pour (presque) toute sa vie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b><u>D\u00c9FINITIONS<\/u><\/b><\/span><strong style=\"color: #ff00ff; text-decoration-line: underline;\"> : <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"Pathog\u00e8ne\"><\/a><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #800080;\"><strong> Pathog\u00e8ne :<\/strong><\/span> Organisme cr\u00e9ant une maladie. Ce mot vient du grec : p\u00e1thos (\u00ab souffrance \u00bb) et gennan (\u00ab g\u00e9n\u00e9rer, former \u00bb). Les organismes pathog\u00e8nes les plus courants sont les bact\u00e9ries, les champignons et les virus (qui ne sont pas vraiment des organismes vivants)<\/li>\n<li>Un<a name=\"cancer\"><\/a> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #800080;\"><strong>cancer<\/strong> <\/span>est d\u00fb \u00e0 une anomalie du cycle cellulaire des cellules, qui encha\u00eenent les mitoses sans s\u2019arr\u00eater, ce qui cr\u00e9e un amas de cellule appel\u00e9 tumeur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION A l&rsquo;IMMUNOLOGIE : Le corps humain peut \u00eatre infect\u00e9 par des organismes pathog\u00e8nes (= qui cr\u00e9ent des maladies) : les bact\u00e9ries, les virus ou les champignons. Le corps humain peut aussi subir des agressions de ses propres cellules qui dysfonctionnent (dans le cas d\u2019un cancer par exemple). Le syst\u00e8me immunitaire est un ensemble d\u2019organes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1111,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page-template.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1501","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rappels et d\u00e9finitions en Immunologie - SVT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/thibault-svt.fr\/index.php\/premieres\/specialite\/chapitre-1-immunite-innee-et-reaction-inflammatoire\/rappels-et-definitions-en-immunologie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rappels et d\u00e9finitions en Immunologie - SVT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"INTRODUCTION A l&rsquo;IMMUNOLOGIE : Le corps humain peut \u00eatre infect\u00e9 par des organismes pathog\u00e8nes (= qui cr\u00e9ent des maladies) : les bact\u00e9ries, les virus ou les champignons. 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